Types of Detectors in HPLC

Types of Detectors in HPLC
UV/Visible Detector
The 2489 UV/Visible Detector is a versatile, dual-wavelength absorbance detector for HPLC. This detector offers the high sensitivity required for routine UV-based applications to low-level impurity identification and quantitative analysis.
The detector’s extended linear range of 2.5 AU makes for easy quantitation of both major and minor components in the same run. You can also simultaneously monitor absorbance at two user-selectable wavelengths for more information per run.
Operating as a stand-alone or as an integral component of Waters HPLC Systems, the 2489 will enhance the productivity of your chromatography laboratory. It offers a wide range of flow cell options and integrated features:
• Enhanced sensitivity via patented TaperSlit™ flow cell, which channels light through the cell for better energy throughput while minimizing RI effects
• Low noise performance (<5 µAU)
• Flexible sampling rates, from 1 to 80 Hz, for normal and fast LC separations
• Independent optimization of high-speed data rates and filter time constants allows for the accurate integration of narrow, sharp peaks
• Enhanced thermal wander management reduces baseline wander due to fluctuations caused by ambient conditions
• Accessible detector components for easy operation and maintenance

Photodiode Array (PDA) Detector
The 2998 Photodiode Array (PDA) Detector offers advanced optical detection for Waters analytical HPLC, preparative HPLC, or LC/MS system solutions. Providing unprecedented trace impurity detection and quantitation, the 2998 PDA Detector’s integrated software and optics innovations deliver high chromatographic and spectral sensitivity. Enhanced software control provides flexibility for simultaneous 2D and 3D operation with either Empower™ or MassLynx™ Software.
The 2998 PDA Detector is designed for a range of laboratory applications, including trace impurity detection and quantification, compound identification and method development.
Features:
• Patented TaperSlit™ flow cell ensures high sensitivity while maintaining optimal spectral performance
• Maximum signal-to-noise performance of <10 µAU
• Simultaneous quantification of high- and low-level components within a single chromatographic separation for extended linear range
• Flexible sampling rates for normal and fast LC separations from 1 to 80 Hz
• Definitive compound identification & co-elution detection
• Superior linear range with constant optical bandpass
• Spectral exposure optimization to maximize the signal-to-noise across the entire wavelength range with a single Deuterium lamp
• Thermal wander management for maximum baseline stability
Refractive Index (RI) Detector
The 2414 Refractive Index (RI) Detector is designed for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) applications. It provides sensitivity, stability, and reproducibility for the analysis of components with limited or no UV absorption. The solution-centered design combines with Alliance® or Breeze™ HPLC Systems for RI-based HPLC and GPC applications.
The 2414 RI Detector provides solutions for preparative and analytical applications including alcohol, sugar, saccharide, fatty acid, and polymer analysis.
Features:
• Low dispersion volume for high-speed GPC and narrowbore column chromatography from 0.1 to 10 mL/min
• Thermally isolated optics bench for temperature stability and performance reproducibility
• Save solvent and maintain stability with convenient recycle valve
• Diagnostics and simplified design and control options for easy maintenance and everyday use
• Circuitry and software in the detector’s thermally isolated optics bench provide a sensitive, stable signal response to changes in refractive index independent of ambient temperature changes
• Auto-zero, auto-purge, and LED-displayed diagnostic programming enable unattended operation and to simplify methods development
Electrochemical Detector
The 2465 Electrochemical Detector combines sensitivity, reliability and simplicity for HPLC electrochemical detection. Its versatile detection modes are ideally suited for analyzing a wide range of compounds.
The 2465 Electrochemical Detector’s multiple flow-cell configuration combines working and reference electrode designs to minimize cost and enhance flexibility. The flow cell accommodates several reference electrodes: ISAAC; traditional salt-bridge design, which limits air bubble formation; and Hy-Ref, which is ideal for carbohydrate analysis and is compatible with extreme mobile phases.
The detector is designed for ultra-trace analysis in standard and microbore Alliance® HPLC based, Empower™ Software controlled applications.
Features:
• Multiple detection modes, including direct current, pulsed amperometric, and scanning
• Easier maintenance with front-mounted flow cell for simple cleaning and assembly
• Stabilized temperature for better accuracy with the integral flow cell and column heater compartment
• Faraday-shielded oven with thermal operating stability and reduced noise and drift characteristics
• 21 CFR and Part 11 compliant-ready
Conductivity Detector
The 432 Conductivity Detector provides solutions for chemically-suppressed or single-column ion chromatography. Use it as a stand-alone module or configure it into an HPLC system that links to chromatography data workstations
• High sensitivity and stability due to its multi-electrode flow cell and user-programmable temperature control, which automatically adjusts the oven temperature to minimize baseline drift
• Reduced flow path volume for narrow-bore applications
• Increased operational uptime with self-diagnostics
• Easy, unattended routine analyses with autozero and autoranging capabilities
• Sophisticated circuitry efficiently isolates detection electrodes from sources of transient electronic noise for optimal sensitivity
• Autozero feature automatically sets the baseline to zero at the start of each run eliminating the need for manual adjustments
• Autorange ensures a precise conductivity base range
• Leak sensors alerts user if leak is detected in flow cell
Fluorescence Detector
The 2475 Multi-Wavelength Fluorescence Detector is a multi-channel, tunable, fluorescence detector designed for HPLC applications. The detector delivers the highest sensitivity and selectivity, whether you are monitoring low concentrations of target compounds or low-level impurities.
Use the detector as a stand-alone unit or as an integral part of a Waters chromatography system. It operates from 200 to 900 nm and uses newly designed optics, with an enhanced illumination system, for improved performance. These design features increase the optical throughput and sensitivity resulting in an overall increase in the signal-to-noise ratio.
Features:
• Innovative flow cell designed for less dispersion, less stray light, less volume, and more pathlength for maximum sensitivity
• Three-dimensional spectral scanning for faster method development and optimization, and enhanced peak identification
• Single or multi-channel operation monitors fluorescence at one or more discrete wavelength pairs
• Axially illuminated flow cell – Allows for better light absorption resulting in highest sensitivity.
• Advanced optical design - Maximizes light throughput, and reduces light scatter, allowing for better signal-to-noise performance.
• Low noise performance - Less stray light due to orthogonal optics and the use of mirrors, not lenses, minimize scatter.
• Multiple detection modes - 2D, 3D, and on-the-fly spectral scanning – can greatly reduce the time needed to develop fluorescence detection methods by quickly determining wavelength maxima.
• Integral erbium calibration reference – Ensures wavelength accuracy.